Diseases and conditions

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Symptoms

The most common symptoms are pain, swelling, heat and redness in the joints, especially in the hands and wrists. However, in addition to joint problems, rheumatoid arthritis, in some cases, can affect other organs, such as the skin, eyes, lungs and blood vessels.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is clinical and takes into account different aspects of the patient, that is, there is no specific test to detect the disease. Although there is no cure, the disease has treatments that allow it to be controlled.

Treatment

Currently, there are procedures and medications that allow the disease to remain inactive and the patient to have quality of life. Consult a rheumatologist to assess the most appropriate treatment.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the joints. The cause is unknown and mainly affects women between 30 and 40 years old. It is an autoimmune disease that causes the body’s immune system to attack healthy tissues by mistake.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Rituximab

Golimumab

Etanercept

Rheumatoid arthritis

Available medications

Adalimumab

Rituximab

Golimumab

Etanercept

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Currently, there are procedures and medications that allow the disease to remain inactive and the patient to have quality of life. Consult a rheumatologist to assess the most appropriate treatment.

Psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic and inflammatory disease that affects the patient’s joints and skin. It is estimated that one out of three patients with psoriasis may develop psoriatic arthritis.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Infliximab

Etanercept

Symptoms

Appearance of two clinical manifestations: arthritis (joint pain and inflammation) and psoriasis (skin and nail lesions).

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis is clinical, which evaluates the manifestations of symptoms, and a rheumatological physical examination, since there is no specific test for the disease.

Treatment

Once diagnosed, it is possible to begin the most appropriate treatment, which will make it possible to alleviate symptoms and maintain the patient’s functional capacity and quality of life.

Symptoms

Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump or thickening in the breast, changes in the shape or size of the breast, changes in the skin of the breast such as redness or peeling, abnormal nipple discharge, nipple inversion, pain in the breast or armpit area, amoung others.

Diagnóstico

Early diagnosis is essential for the successful treatment of breast cancer. This usually involves mammography, ultrasound, MRI, biopsy, and other tests to assess the extent of the cancer and determine the best treatment plan.

Treatment

Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the stage and specific characteristics of the cancer.

Breast cancer

Breast cancer is a disease in which cancerous cells form in the tissues of the breast. It is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, although it can also affect men, however, it is much less common. Breast cancer usually originates in the ducts or lobes of the breast and can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.

Available medications

Trastuzumab

Bevacizumab

Breast cancer

Available medications

Trastuzumab

Bevacizumab

Symptoms

Diagnóstico

Treatment

Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the stage and specific characteristics of the cancer.

Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that affects the rectum and large intestine, resulting in inflammation and the formation of ulcers. These changes can trigger symptoms such as abdominal cramps, urgency to defecate, diarrhea with the presence of blood and pus, and fever. Unlike Crohn’s disease, this condition does not cause damage to the anal region.

Available medications

Infliximab

Symptoms

The most common symptoms are intense abdominal cramps, urgency to defecate, diarrhea with the presence of blood and pus and fever.

Diagnosis

Although the exact causes of ulcerative colitis are unknown, the disease is often diagnosed before the age of 30. To confirm the diagnosis, specific tests such as endoscopy and colonoscopy are used, however, the doctor will determine the best diagnostic approach for each patient.

Treatment

Treatment for ulcerative colitis aims to reduce and control inflammation, thus minimizing attacks and symptoms. An iron-rich diet is sometimes recommended to counteract anemia caused by blood loss in the stool.

Symptoms

Crohn’s disease presents a series of symptoms that may vary between patients, including: severe abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea, fever, rectal bleeding, lesions in the anal region, weight loss due to poor absorption of nutrients and joint pain.

Diagnosis

The exact origin of Crohn’s disease is unknown, but studies point to possible connections with the immune system and genetic factors. The condition manifests itself in men and women equally, with a higher prevalence between 20 and 40 years of age.

Treatment

Although Crohn’s disease does not have a definitive cure, there are treatments available that focus on reducing inflammation and relieving symptoms. These treatments also aim to correct nutritional deficiencies resulting from the disease.

Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory condition that profoundly affects the digestive system, with the lower portion of the small intestine and the large intestine as its main targets.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Infliximab

Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory condition that profoundly affects the digestive system, with the lower portion of the small intestine and the large intestine as its main targets.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Infliximab

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis is a rheumatic disorder of an inflammatory and persistent nature. It mostly affects the spine and large joints, causing severe pain, limiting movement and greatly affecting the patient’s quality of life. If not properly treated, the condition can progress, causing partial or total loss of mobility due to years of uninterrupted inflammation.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Infliximab

Etanercept

Symptoms

The most common symptoms are severe back pain, stiffness in the spine and limitations in movement. The disease frequently manifests itself in individuals between 20 and 40 years of age, and it is estimated that 1 out of every 100 people may be affected.

Diagnosis

To identify ankylosing spondylitis, imaging tests, such as MRI, and specific blood tests are used. However, the predominant symptom in patients is intense pain in the back region.

Treatment

The optimistic outlook for those with ankylosing spondylitis is the existence of efficient treatments, capable of alleviating symptoms and even promoting remission of the disease. In general, the therapeutic approach combines medications with specific exercises to strengthen muscles and aerobic activities. It is essential to consult a rheumatologist to define the ideal treatment strategy for each case.

Symptoms

Multiple Sclerosis presents a series of symptoms that can vary between patients: intense fatigue, muscle weakness, imbalance and motor coordination problems, depression, joint pain, intestinal and bladder dysfunction.

Diagnosis

Multiple Sclerosis manifests itself in different ways, making diagnosis a challenge, as it requires assessment of the multiple symptoms presented by the patient.

Treatment

Although Multiple Sclerosis has no cure, there are treatments available in Brazil that aim to control and delay the progression of the disease. Lack of treatment can result in serious complications, leading to disability in some patients, including the inability to walk. Therefore, it is essential to seek appropriate therapies to maintain quality of life.

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune neurological condition. Although its exact cause is still unknown, studies indicate that both genetic and environmental factors can play a role in its manifestation. The disease is characterized by its highest incidence in young people, especially between 20 and 40 years old, and is diagnosed in women twice as often as in men.

Available medications

Interferon beta 1a

Multiple sclerosis

Available medications

Interferon beta 1a

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Multiple Sclerosis manifests itself in different ways, making diagnosis a challenge, as it requires assessment of the multiple symptoms presented by the patient.

Treatment

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, autoimmune, non-contagious disease without cure. The disease is characterized by red lesions and scaling on the body, mainly on the scalp, elbows, knees, feet and hands.

Medicamentos disponíveis

Adalimumab

Infliximab

Etanercept

Symptoms

The disease is characterized by red lesions and scaling on the body, mainly on the scalp, elbows, knees, feet and hands.

Diagnosis

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, autoimmune, non-contagious disease without cure. It is estimated that 1 to 3% of the world’s population has the disease, that is, more than 125 million people worldwide and more than 5 million in Brazil alone.

Treatment

Currently, there are several therapeutic options available, which allow maintaining a satisfactory quality of life and obtaining skin without or almost without lesions, regardless of the severity of the disease.

Sintomas

Geralmente, a neutropenia não apresenta sintomas específicos; eles podem variar conforme a causa. Sua principal consequência é o aumento da vulnerabilidade a infecções.

Diagnóstico

Envolve exames para medir o nível de neutrófilos no sangue.

Tratamento

Consiste no tratamento da causa subjacente, além do uso de medicamentos que aumentam a contagem de neutrófilos.

Neutropenia

A neutropenia é uma doença caracterizada pela redução da contagem de glóbulos brancos, que pode ser causada pelo uso de quimioterapia citotóxica (medicamentos que destroem rapidamente as células em desenvolvimento). Os glóbulos brancos são importantes porque ajudam seu corpo a combater infecções.

Medicamentos disponíveis

Pegfilgrastim

Neutropenia

Medicamentos disponíveis

Pegfilgrastim

Sintomas

Geralmente, a neutropenia não apresenta sintomas específicos; eles podem variar conforme a causa. Sua principal consequência é o aumento da vulnerabilidade a infecções.

Diagnóstico

Envolve exames para medir o nível de neutrófilos no sangue.

Tratamento

Consiste no tratamento da causa subjacente, além do uso de medicamentos que aumentam a contagem de neutrófilos.

Câncer colorretal metastático (CCRm)

O câncer colorretal metastático (CCRm) é uma doença que abrange tumores que acometem o intestino grosso (cólon) e o reto.

Medicamentos disponíveis

Bevacizumabe

Sintomas

Geralmente, os sintomas podem aparecer conforme a doença avança. Mudanças no hábito intestinal, desconforto abdominal, sangramentos nas fezes ou ânus, sensação de que o intestino não se esvaziou completamente após evacuar, perda de peso sem motivo aparente, cansaço excessivo, mudanças nas fezes, náuseas e vômitos, dor na região anal ao tentar evacuar e anemia de origem indeterminada podem ser indicativos de câncer. É importante consultar um(a) profissional de saúde ao notar esses sintomas.

Diagnóstico

O diagnóstico envolve a avaliação clínica dos sintomas e o histórico médico do paciente. Exames como pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes, colonoscopia e biópsia podem ser solicitados, além de exames de imagem complementares para avaliar a extensão da doença.

Tratamento

Os tratamentos mais comuns incluem cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia.

Sintomas

Geralmente, os sintomas de câncer de pulmão não pequenas células incluem tosse, hemoptise, dispneia, dor torácica, perda de peso e evidência de nódulo pulmonar em exames de imagem.

Diagnóstico

O diagnóstico envolve anamnese dirigida com histórico familiar e avaliação de fatores de risco, exame físico completo, exames laboratoriais incluindo perfil hepático, TC de tórax e biópsia para confirmação diagnóstica.

Tratamento

Em todos os casos de câncer de pulmão não pequenas células é recomendado a avaliação por um grupo multidisciplinar para o planejamento do diagnóstico, estadiamento e do tratamento.

Câncer de pulmão de não pequenas células localmente avançado, metastático ou recorrente

O câncer de pulmão não pequenas células corresponde à maior parte dos casos de neoplasias pulmonares diagnosticadas anualmente.

Medicamentos disponíveis

Bevacizumabe

Câncer de pulmão de não pequenas células localmente avançado, metastático ou recorrente

O câncer de pulmão não pequenas células corresponde à maior parte dos casos de neoplasias pulmonares diagnosticadas anualmente.

Medicamentos disponíveis

Bevacizumabe

Sintomas

Geralmente, os sintomas de câncer de pulmão não pequenas células incluem tosse, hemoptise, dispneia, dor torácica, perda de peso e evidência de nódulo pulmonar em exames de imagem.

Diagnóstico

Tratamento

Em todos os casos de câncer de pulmão não pequenas células é recomendado a avaliação por um grupo multidisciplinar para o planejamento do diagnóstico, estadiamento e do tratamento.

Câncer de células renais metastático e/ ou avançado (mRCC)

O câncer de células renais é o tipo mais comum de neoplasia maligna que acomete os rins.

Medicamentos disponíveis

Bevacizumabe

Sintomas

Geralmente, as lesões renais permanecem assintomáticas e impalpáveis até os estágios mais avançados da doença.

Diagnóstico

O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de exames de imagem abdominal (ecografia, tomografia computadorizada [TC] ou ressonância magnética [RM]). Lesões indeterminadas podem exigir avaliação complementar para confirmação diagnóstica.

Tratamento

As opções de tratamento incluem tratamento cirúrgico, radioterapia externa, vigilância ativa, critérios de progressão e quimioterapia.

Sintomas

Sintomas como dor abdominal ou pélvica persistente, inchaço abdominal, dificuldade para comer ou sensação de saciedade precoce, alterações no ciclo menstrual e cansaço extremo costumam estar presentes quando a doença já se encontra em estágio mais avançado.

Diagnóstico

O diagnóstico envolve exames como biópsia, tomografia, ressonância magnética e ultrassonografia.

Tratamento

As principais opções de tratamento incluem cirurgia, quimioterapia, inibidores de PARP, antiangiogênicos, bloqueadores hormonais e anticorpos droga-conjugados.

Câncer epitelial de ovário, tuba uterina e peritoneal primário

O câncer epitelial de ovário, tuba uterina e peritoneal primário compreende tumores que se desenvolvem em partes do sistema reprodutor da mulher, ligadas ao útero.

Medicamentos disponíveis

Bevacizumabe

Câncer epitelial de ovário, tuba uterina e peritoneal primário

O câncer epitelial de ovário, tuba uterina e peritoneal primário compreende tumores que se desenvolvem em partes do sistema reprodutor da mulher, ligadas ao útero.

Medicamentos disponíveis

Bevacizumabe

Sintomas

Diagnóstico

O diagnóstico envolve exames como biópsia, tomografia, ressonância magnética e ultrassonografia.

Tratamento

As principais opções de tratamento incluem cirurgia, quimioterapia, inibidores de PARP, antiangiogênicos, bloqueadores hormonais e anticorpos droga-conjugados.

Câncer de colo do útero

O câncer de colo de útero é uma neoplasia que se origina nas células da porção inferior do útero. Ele ocorre quando essas células começam a se multiplicar de maneira anormal e descontrolada

Medicamentos disponíveis

Bevacizumabe

Sintomas

Sintomas como sangramento vaginal anormal, corrimento vaginal anormal, dor pélvica, dor ao urinar, dor nas costas ou nas pernas, perda de peso inexplicável costumam estar presentes quando a doença já se encontra em estágio mais avançado.

Diagnóstico

O diagnóstico envolve exames como teste de HPV, exame de papanicolau, exame clínico pélvico e colposcopia.

Tratamento

As opções de tratamento incluem cirurgia, radioterapia e imunoterapia.