Diseases and conditions

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Symptoms

The most common symptoms are pain, swelling, heat and redness in the joints, especially in the hands and wrists. However, in addition to joint problems, rheumatoid arthritis, in some cases, can affect other organs, such as the skin, eyes, lungs and blood vessels.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is clinical and takes into account different aspects of the patient, that is, there is no specific test to detect the disease. Although there is no cure, the disease has treatments that allow it to be controlled.

Treatment

Currently, there are procedures and medications that allow the disease to remain inactive and the patient to have quality of life. Consult a rheumatologist to assess the most appropriate treatment.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the joints. The cause is unknown and mainly affects women between 30 and 40 years old. It is an autoimmune disease that causes the body’s immune system to attack healthy tissues by mistake.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Rituximab

Golimumab

Etanercept

Rheumatoid arthritis

Available medications

Adalimumab

Rituximab

Golimumab

Etanercept

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Currently, there are procedures and medications that allow the disease to remain inactive and the patient to have quality of life. Consult a rheumatologist to assess the most appropriate treatment.

Psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic and inflammatory disease that affects the patient’s joints and skin. It is estimated that one out of three patients with psoriasis may develop psoriatic arthritis.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Infliximab

Etanercept

Symptoms

Appearance of two clinical manifestations: arthritis (joint pain and inflammation) and psoriasis (skin and nail lesions).

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis is clinical, which evaluates the manifestations of symptoms, and a rheumatological physical examination, since there is no specific test for the disease.

Treatment

Once diagnosed, it is possible to begin the most appropriate treatment, which will make it possible to alleviate symptoms and maintain the patient’s functional capacity and quality of life.

Symptoms

Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump or thickening in the breast, changes in the shape or size of the breast, changes in the skin of the breast such as redness or peeling, abnormal nipple discharge, nipple inversion, pain in the breast or armpit area, amoung others.

Diagnosis

Early diagnosis is essential for the successful treatment of breast cancer. This usually involves mammography, ultrasound, MRI, biopsy, and other tests to assess the extent of the cancer and determine the best treatment plan.

Treatment

Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the stage and specific characteristics of the cancer.

Breast cancer

Breast cancer is a disease in which cancerous cells form in the tissues of the breast. It is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, although it can also affect men, however, it is much less common. Breast cancer usually originates in the ducts or lobes of the breast and can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.

Available medications

Trastuzumab

Bevacizumab

Breast cancer

Available medications

Trastuzumab

Bevacizumab

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the stage and specific characteristics of the cancer.

Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that affects the rectum and large intestine, resulting in inflammation and the formation of ulcers. These changes can trigger symptoms such as abdominal cramps, urgency to defecate, diarrhea with the presence of blood and pus, and fever. Unlike Crohn’s disease, this condition does not cause damage to the anal region.

Available medications

Infliximab

Symptoms

The most common symptoms are intense abdominal cramps, urgency to defecate, diarrhea with the presence of blood and pus and fever.

Diagnosis

Although the exact causes of ulcerative colitis are unknown, the disease is often diagnosed before the age of 30. To confirm the diagnosis, specific tests such as endoscopy and colonoscopy are used, however, the doctor will determine the best diagnostic approach for each patient.

Treatment

Treatment for ulcerative colitis aims to reduce and control inflammation, thus minimizing attacks and symptoms. An iron-rich diet is sometimes recommended to counteract anemia caused by blood loss in the stool.

Symptoms

Crohn’s disease presents a series of symptoms that may vary between patients, including: severe abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea, fever, rectal bleeding, lesions in the anal region, weight loss due to poor absorption of nutrients and joint pain.

Diagnosis

The exact origin of Crohn’s disease is unknown, but studies point to possible connections with the immune system and genetic factors. The condition manifests itself in men and women equally, with a higher prevalence between 20 and 40 years of age.

Treatment

Although Crohn’s disease does not have a definitive cure, there are treatments available that focus on reducing inflammation and relieving symptoms. These treatments also aim to correct nutritional deficiencies resulting from the disease.

Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory condition that profoundly affects the digestive system, with the lower portion of the small intestine and the large intestine as its main targets.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Infliximab

Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory condition that profoundly affects the digestive system, with the lower portion of the small intestine and the large intestine as its main targets.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Infliximab

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis is a rheumatic disorder of an inflammatory and persistent nature. It mostly affects the spine and large joints, causing severe pain, limiting movement and greatly affecting the patient’s quality of life. If not properly treated, the condition can progress, causing partial or total loss of mobility due to years of uninterrupted inflammation.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Infliximab

Etanercept

Symptoms

The most common symptoms are severe back pain, stiffness in the spine and limitations in movement. The disease frequently manifests itself in individuals between 20 and 40 years of age, and it is estimated that 1 out of every 100 people may be affected.

Diagnosis

To identify ankylosing spondylitis, imaging tests, such as MRI, and specific blood tests are used. However, the predominant symptom in patients is intense pain in the back region.

Treatment

The optimistic outlook for those with ankylosing spondylitis is the existence of efficient treatments, capable of alleviating symptoms and even promoting remission of the disease. In general, the therapeutic approach combines medications with specific exercises to strengthen muscles and aerobic activities. It is essential to consult a rheumatologist to define the ideal treatment strategy for each case.

Symptoms

Multiple Sclerosis presents a series of symptoms that can vary between patients: intense fatigue, muscle weakness, imbalance and motor coordination problems, depression, joint pain, intestinal and bladder dysfunction.

Diagnosis

Multiple Sclerosis manifests itself in different ways, making diagnosis a challenge, as it requires assessment of the multiple symptoms presented by the patient.

Treatment

Although Multiple Sclerosis has no cure, there are treatments available in Brazil that aim to control and delay the progression of the disease. Lack of treatment can result in serious complications, leading to disability in some patients, including the inability to walk. Therefore, it is essential to seek appropriate therapies to maintain quality of life.

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune neurological condition. Although its exact cause is still unknown, studies indicate that both genetic and environmental factors can play a role in its manifestation. The disease is characterized by its highest incidence in young people, especially between 20 and 40 years old, and is diagnosed in women twice as often as in men.

Available medications

Interferon beta 1a

Multiple sclerosis

Available medications

Interferon beta 1a

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Multiple Sclerosis manifests itself in different ways, making diagnosis a challenge, as it requires assessment of the multiple symptoms presented by the patient.

Treatment

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, autoimmune, non-contagious disease without cure. The disease is characterized by red lesions and scaling on the body, mainly on the scalp, elbows, knees, feet and hands.

Available medications

Adalimumab

Infliximab

Etanercept

Symptoms

The disease is characterized by red lesions and scaling on the body, mainly on the scalp, elbows, knees, feet and hands.

Diagnosis

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, autoimmune, non-contagious disease without cure. It is estimated that 1 to 3% of the world’s population has the disease, that is, more than 125 million people worldwide and more than 5 million in Brazil alone.

Treatment

Currently, there are several therapeutic options available, which allow maintaining a satisfactory quality of life and obtaining skin without or almost without lesions, regardless of the severity of the disease.

Symptoms

Neutropenia often presents with no specific symptoms; they can vary depending on the underlying cause. Its main consequence is an increased vulnerability to infections.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure the neutrophil count.

Treatment

Treatment consists of addressing the underlying cause and using medications that increase the neutrophil count.

Neutropenia

Neutropenia is a condition characterized by a reduced white blood cell count, which can be caused by the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy (medications that rapidly destroy developing cells). White blood cells are essential because they help the body fight infections.

Available Medications

Pegfilgrastim

Neutropenia

Neutropenia is a condition characterized by a reduced white blood cell count, which can be caused by the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy (medications that rapidly destroy developing cells). White blood cells are essential because they help the body fight infections.

Available Medications

Pegfilgrastim

Symptoms

Neutropenia often presents with no specific symptoms; they can vary depending on the underlying cause. Its main consequence is an increased vulnerability to infections.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure the neutrophil count.

Treatment

Treatment consists of addressing the underlying cause and using medications that increase the neutrophil count.

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC)

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a disease that affects tumors in the large intestine (colon) and the rectum.

Available Medications

Bevacizumabe

Symptoms

Symptoms generally appear as the disease progresses. Changes in bowel habits, abdominal discomfort, bleeding from the rectum or anus, a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying after defecating, unexplained weight loss, excessive fatigue, changes in stool, nausea and vomiting, pain in the anal region during a bowel movement, and anemia of unknown origin may be indicative of cancer. It is important to consult a healthcare professional if you notice these symptoms.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a clinical evaluation of symptoms and the patient’s medical history. Tests such as a fecal occult blood test, colonoscopy, and biopsy may be ordered, along with complementary imaging exams to assess the extent of the disease.

Treatment

The most common treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

Symptoms

Generally, symptoms of non-small cell lung cancer include cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, weight loss, and evidence of a pulmonary nodule on imaging exams.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a directed medical history with family history and risk factor assessment, a complete physical examination, laboratory tests including liver profile, chest CT, and biopsy for diagnostic confirmation.

Treatment

In all cases of non-small cell lung cancer, evaluation by a multidisciplinary team is recommended for planning diagnosis, staging, and treatment.

Locally Advanced, Metastatic, or Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for the majority of lung cancer cases diagnosed annually.

Available Medications

Bevacizumabe

Locally Advanced, Metastatic, or Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for the majority of lung cancer cases diagnosed annually.

Available Medications

Bevacizumabe

Symptoms

Generally, symptoms of non-small cell lung cancer include cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, weight loss, and evidence of a pulmonary nodule on imaging exams.

Diagnosis

Treatment

In all cases of non-small cell lung cancer, evaluation by a multidisciplinary team is recommended for planning diagnosis, staging, and treatment.

Metastatic and/or Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC)

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of malignant tumor affecting the kidneys.

Available Medications

Bevacizumabe

Symptoms

Renal lesions typically remain asymptomatic and impalpable until the more advanced stages of the disease.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is performed through abdominal imaging exams (ultrasound, computed tomography [CT], or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). Indeterminate lesions may require further evaluation for diagnostic confirmation.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgical treatment, external beam radiation therapy, active surveillance, progression criteria, and chemotherapy.

Symptoms

Symptoms such as persistent abdominal or pelvic pain, abdominal bloating, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, changes in the menstrual cycle, and extreme fatigue are often present when the disease is already in a more advanced stage.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves exams such as biopsy, CT, MRI, and ultrasound.

Treatment

The main treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, antiangiogenics, hormone blockers, and antibody-drug conjugates.

Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer

Epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer includes tumors that develop in parts of the female reproductive system connected to the uterus.

Available Medications

Bevacizumabe

Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer

Epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer includes tumors that develop in parts of the female reproductive system connected to the uterus.

Available Medications

Bevacizumabe

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves exams such as biopsy, CT, MRI, and ultrasound.

Treatment

The main treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, antiangiogenics, hormone blockers, and antibody-drug conjugates.

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a neoplasm that originates in the cells of the lower part of the uterus. It occurs when these cells begin to multiply abnormally and uncontrollably.

Available Medications

Bevacizumabe

Symptoms

Symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, pain during urination, back or leg pain, and unexplained weight loss are often present when the disease is already in a more advanced stage.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves exams such as an HPV test, Pap smear, pelvic clinical exam, and colposcopy.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.